Publications and References
here you will find information and published data on ZedScan and EIS
ZedScan Literature
Indian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology Research 2021

A study at the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Base Hospital, Delhi Cantt to evaluate and assess the accuracy of the detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia using electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) with colposcopy.
[ more details ]ZedScan Related Publications
The Lancet, 355: 892-95.
B H Brown, J Tidy, K Boston, A D Blackett, R H Smallwood and F Sharp, (2000), The relationship between tissue structure and imposed electrical current flow in cervical neoplasia
[ more details ]
Int. J Gynaecological Cancer, 16, 1823-1832.
Abdul S, Brown BH, Milnes P and Tidy J, (2006) The use of Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy in the detection of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia
[ more details ]
Gynecol. Oncol. 99,3, S64-S66
Abdul S, Brown BH, Milnes P and Tidy JA, (2005) A clinical study of the use of impedance spectroscopy in the detection of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)
[ more details ]
Br J Obstet Gynae: 112, 802-806.
Brown BH, Milnes P, Abdul S and Tidy JA. (2005) Detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia using impedance spectroscopy: a prospective study
[ more details ]
Gynecol Oncol 115(2):267-71.
Balasubramani L, Brown BH, Healey J, Tidy JA. (2009) The detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia by electrical impedance spectroscopy: The effects of acetic acid and tissue homogeneity
[ more details ]
Br J Obstet Gynae 120; 400-411
JA Tidy, BH Brown, TJ Healey, S Daayana, M Martin, W Prendiville, HC Kitchener. (2013) Accuracy of detection of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia using electrical impedance spectroscopy with colposcopy
[ more details ]
Supplementary Information relating to EIS performance: Personal Communication
Brown, B., Tidy, J., Healey, J., Highfield, P.,(2013)
[ more details ]
ZedScan as an adjunct to colposcopy in women with suspected cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, Medical Innovation Briefing. 2015
[ more details ]
BJOG April 2020
JA Tidy, R Lyon, K Ellis, M Macdonald, JE Palmer The impact of age and high‐risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) status on the prevalence of high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2+) in women with persistent hrHPV‐positive, cytology‐negative screening samples: a prospective cohort study
[ more details ]
Journal of Electrical Bioimpedance
Journal of Electrical Bioimpedance | Volume 11: Issue 1
Prognostic value of Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) when used as an adjunct to Colposcopy – a longitudinal study
B. H. Brown, P.E. Highfield and J. A. Tidy
[ more details ]
EIS-related references
IEEE/EMBS International Conference, Hong Kong, 2886-2889.
B H Brown, J Tidy, K Boston, A DBlackett and F Sharp. (1998) Tetrapolar Measurement of Cervical Tissue structure using Impedance Spectroscopy.
[ more details ]
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 873, 313-321.
C A Gonzalez-Correa, B H Brown, R H Smallwood, N Kalia, C J Stoddard, T J Stephenson, S J Haggie, D N Slater and K D Bardhan (1999) Virtual Biopsies in Barret’s Esophagus Using an Impedance Probe,
[ more details ]
Electronics Letters, 35: (23) 1985-1987.
S Nebuya, B H Brown, R H Smallwood, P Milnes, A R Waterworth and M Noshiro, (1999), Measurement of high frequency electrical transfer impedances from biological tissues,
[ more details ]
Phys.Meas.21,1, 137-144.
A R Waterworth, R H Smallwood, P Milnes and B H Brown, (2000), Cole equation modelling to measurements made using an impulse driven transfer impedance system
[ more details ]
British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 107, 1040-1041.
M P O’Connell, J Tidy, S J Wisher, N J Avis, B H Brown and S W Lindow, (2000), An in vivo comparative study of the pregnant and nonpregnant cervix using electrical impedance measurements,
[ more details ]
Electronics Letters, 1603-1604.
D C Walker, B H Brown, D R Hose and R H Smallwood, (2000), Modelling the electrical impedivity of normal and premalignant cervical tissue.
[ more details ]
Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing. 38(4):373-6.
Gonzalez-Correa CA. Brown BH. Smallwood RH. Kalia N. Stoddard CJ. Stephenson TJ. Haggie SJ. Slater DN. Bardhan KD. (2000) Assessing the conditions for in vivo electrical virtual biopsies in Barrett's oesophagus.
[ more details ]
Electronics Letters 36(25), 2060-2062.
B H Brown, A J Wilson and P Bertemes-Filho (2000), Bipolar and tetrapolar transfer impedance measurements from a volume conductor,
[ more details ]
Electronics Letters, 37, 25, 1515-1517.
Jones DM, Smallwood RH, Hose DR and Brown BH (2001), Constraints on tetrapolar tissue impedance measurements,
[ more details ]
IEICE Trans. On Information Systems, E85-D, 2-5.
Brown BH, (2001), Measurement of the Electrical Properties of Tissue – New developments in Impedance Imaging and Spectroscopy
[ more details ]
Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. 40(6), 647-9.
Nebuya S, Noshiro M, Brown BH, Smallwood RH and Milnes P. (2002), Accuracy of an optically isolated tetra-polar impedance measurement system.
[ more details ]
Physiol. Meas. 23(1), 159-68
Walker DC, Brown BH, Smallwood RH, Hose DR and Jones DM. (2002), Modelled current distribution in cervical squamous tissue.
[ more details ]
Physiol. Meas. 24(2). 291-296.
Gonzalez-Correa CA, Brown BH , Smallwood RH, Stephenson TJ, Stoddard CJ and Bardhan KD, (2003) Low frequency electrical bioimpedance for the detection of inflammation and dysplasia in Barrett’s oesophagus
[ more details ]
Physiol. Meas. 24(2), 605-624
Jones DM, Smallwood RH, Hose DR, Brown BH , Walker DC, (2003) Modelling of epithelial tissue impedance measured using three different designs of probe
[ more details ]
Phys. Meas. 24(1), 121-136.
Walker DC, Brown BH, Blackett AD, Tidy J and Smallwood RH, (2003) A study of the morphological parameters of cervical squamous epithelium,
[ more details ]
Phys. Meas. 24(2), 517-526.
Bertemes –Filho P, Brown BH, Smallwood RH and Wilson AJ, (2003) Stand off electrode (SOE) a new method for improving the sensitivity of tetrapolar impedance measurements
[ more details ]
Proc. of 12th Int. Conf. on Electrical Bioimpedance, Gdansk, Poland.
Brown BH, Milnes P, Abdul S and Tidy JA, (2004) Detection of cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia using impedance spectroscopy, Proc. of 12th Int. Conf. on Electrical Bioimpedance, Gdansk, Poland.
[ more details ]
Phys. Meas. 26, 2, S39-47.
Gonzalez-Correa CA, Brown BH, Smallwood RH, Walker DC and Bardhan KD. (2005) Electrical bioimpedance readings increase with higher pressure applied to the measuring probe,
[ more details ]
European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 129, 145-149.
Gandhi SV, Walker D, Milnes P, Mukherjee S, Brown BH and Anumba DOC. (2006) Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy of the Cervix in non-pregnant and pregnant women
[ more details ]
Diseases of the Esophagus, 24 462-469
Lundin, P., Karpefors. M., Carlsson, K., Hansen, M.B., Ruth, M. (2011) Bioimpedance spectroscopy: a new tool to assess early esophageal changes linked to gastroesophageal reflux disease?
[ more details ]
European Journal of Surgical Oncology, 40 (S1), S9
Antakya, R., Brown, B.H., Highfield, P.E., Stephenson, T.J., Brown, N.J., Balasubramanian, S.P. (2014) Electrical impedance spectroscopy of rabbit thyroid and parathyroid glands.
[ more details ]
Oncology News, March/April, 2015
Tidy, J. (2015) Utilisation of electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in the detection of dysplasia.
[ more details ]
Surgical Innovation, Sept, 2015
Antakia, R., Brown, B.H., Highfield, P.E., Stephenson, T.J., Brown, N., Balasubramanian, S.P. (2015) Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy to Aid Parathyroid Identification and Preservation in Central Compartment Neck Surgery. A Proof of Concept in a Rabbit Model.
[ more details ]